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Represent carbon atoms labeled in metabolic pathways If you've ever wondered how to create those metabolic maps that show the number of atoms labeled by a carbon isotope ( e.g., C-13 ), we'll show you how. But before you begin, you need to know a few important details. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52538-5?fromPaywallRec=false What is the Exchange Rate? The Exchange Rate is a parameter that indicates the number of atoms exchanged between the uniformly carbon-labeled molecule to which your cells were initially exposed and the remaining fully or partially labeled metabolites detected in the Isotopic Profiling experiment, also called Isotopic Trace Analysis . In articles, the Average Exchange Rate is often represented in diagrams with filled or empty balls, with the filled balls representing the average number of labeled carbon atoms in the metabolite in question and the empty balls representing the average number of unlabeled carbon atoms for the same metabolite....

History of Scientific Conferences The development of scientific conferences has been a constant in scientific history since the emergence of the first Philosophy universities. While initially based on long lectures in enormous halls where the most prominent figures in the field of study gathered, today they constitute an academic and social event that sometimes falls far short of fostering proactive and respectful debate among leaders in the field. Any opinion that deviates from what is politically and scientifically accepted is subject to censorship, cancellation, and ridicule. The True Objective of Participating in Scientific Conferences Today Furthermore, their goal is often to train young researchers struggling for stable employment. These researchers are subject to public scrutiny every time they give a talk, in order to obtain a certificate that, vaguely, will help them improve their scientific resumes in an increasingly competitive world. And those who innovate in their discours...